With the development of the processing and manufacturing industry, more and more parts products are processed using precision CNC lathes. This is a high-efficiency and high-precision equipment that can process rotating parts such as shafts and sleeves. It can automatically complete the cutting of internal and external cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, arcs, threads and other processes through program control, and perform grooving, drilling, expansion, reaming and other work. Precision CNC lathes are controlled by software, which is the key to ensuring the normal operation of CNC machine tools. Once a parameter is lost or changed by mistake, it is easy to make some functions of the machine tool unable to be realized or the system chaotic or even paralyzed.
(1) Programming error: It is mainly the interpolation error generated by the CNC system during CNC programming, which is mainly caused by using straight line segments or arc segments to avoid the contour of the part. This is an important factor affecting the processing accuracy of parts. It can be solved by increasing the number of interpolation nodes, but it will increase the programming workload.
(2) Tool tip arc error: When cutting inner holes, external factors or end faces, the tool tip arc does not affect its size and shape, but when processing conical surfaces or arcs, it is affected by the tool tip arc and causes overcutting or undercutting. This error can be eliminated by measuring the tool tip arc radius and using the tool radius compensation function.
(3) Measurement error: It is mainly affected by the measurement accuracy of the measuring tool and the operation method of the measurer, resulting in inaccurate measured dimensions. This error can be compensated.
(4) Tool setting error: This error is mainly generated during the tool setting process. When the tool moves to the starting point, it is affected by the feed adjustment ratio value of the operating system. The solution is to reasonably select the feed adjustment ratio, especially when the tool is close to the starting point, use the smallest gear feed adjustment to position the tool at the starting point.
(5) Machine tool system error: The geometric tolerance caused by the machine tool body, which is generally not adjustable; the repeated positioning error caused by the servo unit and the drive device, which is mainly affected by the system’s pulse equivalent size, uniformity and transmission route; these errors are very small and stable, and should only be considered during precision machining.
