CNC lathes are categorized by size based primarily on their machining range (such as maximum swing diameter) and functional features (such as control system and structural type). They can be divided into three categories by size: small (maximum swing diameter <400mm), medium (400-800mm), and large (>800mm). By model, they can be categorized into economy, standard, turning centers, vertical, horizontal, and specialized types.
Classification by machining range (size)
CNC lathes are typically sized based on their maximum swing diameter or spindle bore diameter and fall into the following three categories:
Small lathes: These have a maximum swing diameter of less than 400mm and are suitable for machining small, precision parts.
Typical models include the CK6140 (maximum swing diameter 400mm) and the CK56 (maximum swing diameter 560mm).
Medium lathes: These have a maximum swing diameter between 400-800mm, balancing versatility and machining capabilities. Typical models: GTC250110 (maximum swing diameter 250mm), QK1327 pipe threading lathe (maximum swing diameter 800mm).
Large lathes: These have a maximum swing diameter exceeding 800mm and are designed for heavy parts machining.
Typical models: GTC630200 (maximum swing diameter 630mm), QK1350 pipe threading lathe (maximum swing diameter 1200mm).
Classification by Function and Structure (Model)
CNC lathe models are categorized based on their functional integration, control system, and structural design:
Economy CNC lathes:
Employ an open-loop control system, offering low cost but limited accuracy. Suitable for mass production of simple rotary parts.
General CNC lathes:
Equipped with a general-purpose CNC system that controls the X and Z axes, they offer a high degree of automation and precision, making them suitable for machining parts of moderate complexity.
Turning centers:
Based on the general CNC model, they add a C-axis and a power head, supporting multi-axis linkage (such as X, Z, and C axes), enabling complex machining such as milling and drilling. They are suitable for high-precision, complex parts.
Classification by spindle position:
Vertical CNC lathes: These lathes have a vertical spindle and a circular worktable, making them suitable for large disc-type parts.
Horizontal CNC lathes: These lathes have a horizontal spindle and come in two types: horizontal and tilted guideways. The tilted guideway design improves rigidity and chip removal.
Specialized CNC Lathes:
Designed for specific processes, such as pipe threading lathes (Q series) and CNC bearing lathes (ZCK50), these are used in specialized production scenarios.
